Austria, which literally means “Eastern Empire”, sits in the center of Europe, surrounded by countries like Switzerland, Italy, Hungary, and German. Its rich history, varied climate, and diverse cultures can provide a wide array of sightseeing and activities for travelers.
The history of Austria can be traced as far back as the Celts in 350 BC and the Romans in 15 BC. In the sixth century, the Carolingian Empire displaced these tribes until the 13th century when the Habsburg Empire took control. Austria remained under their rule until around the time of the French Revolution, which had an impact on many countries in this part of the world. In 1848 Austria demanded and formed their own Parliament. With the coming of the 20th century, Austria’s politics and history began to be linked to that of Germany. The republic of Austria began with its defeat in World War I, and the empire that was Austria was split up. It was invaded and annexed by Nazi Germany in 1938. By the end of World War II, Austria was trying to break free of its hold by Germany. In 1955 Austria became an independent federation.
Today, the federation of Austria is divided into nine separate federal states. These are: Burgenland, Carinthia, Lower Austria, Upper Austria, Salzburg, Styria, Tyrol, Vorarlberg, and Vienna. Each of these states has their own capital and each offers its own unique appeal for tourism. The Alps cover about three-quarters of Austria, making skiing the most popular sport in the country. In fact, an Austrian that does not ski is not considered a true Austrian. The winter Olympics have been held twice in Austria and it is home to famous ski resorts known around the world.
But the geography of Austria is also made up of beautiful meadows, alpine valleys, farmlands, vineyards, not to mention the famous Danube River. Austria’s climate provides warm summers and snowy winters, both perfect for traveling, depending on what aspects of the country attract you. Basically, any time of year is a good time to visit Austria.
Austria’s cities offer a wealth of culture, history, and sights. Innsbruck, the capital of Tyrol, has the Alps as its backdrop. While in Innsbruck, you can visit medieval Habsurg palaces and world-class museums.
Vienna is the largest city in Austria and its history dates as far back as the Romans. One of its oldest buildings is St. Stephan’s Cathedral. The famous Ringstrasse that used to act as a border around the city is now a beautiful boulevard. Not many people visit Vienna without taking a walk along the Ringstrasse. The Schloss Schonbrunn was the summer home of the Habsburg's and is one of Vienna’s most visited sights.
Salzburg in the Salzburg province was established with the founding of the Benedictine Monastery of St. Peters in 696. The city was originally organized to be like the Vatican, as an independent Church state. Salzburg is one of the prettiest cities in Vienna and offers many different old castles, palaces, and churches to visit. The Fortress of Hohensalzburg, built 900 years ago, is the best-maintained medieval fortress in Europe.
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